leonina were obtained from a cheetah ( Acinonyx jubatus) in Changsha Ecological Zoo, China. leonina represents a species complex.Īll adult worms ( n = 14 coded TC1–TC14) of T. leonina from the dog, and (iii) then tested the hypothesis that T. leonina from the cheetah, (ii) compared it with that of T. Therefore, in the present study, we (i) characterized the entire mt genome sequence of T. leonina from the dog and those from the South China tiger. Moreover, it is yet unknown whether there are significant differences in the entire mt nucleotide and amino acid sequences between T. leonina mt genome sequence from the South China tiger has not yet been deposited in the GenBank NCBI database. leonina from canids (such as the dog) and felids (such as the South China tiger) have been sequenced and characterised previously, but the T. Mt genome (containing 36–37 genes) has been considered a suitable marker for the species identification and differentiation of many nematodes. Therefore, this hypothesis should be tested by using more datasets. However, this hypothesis was proposed based on a small molecular dataset. These findings raised the possibility that T. In addition, substantial nucleotide difference in part of the mt nad1 (9.0%) and nad4 (10.8%) were also detected between T. leonina from cheetahs and dogs differed by 6.8%. Recently, our preliminary comparative study has indicated that the mitochondrial (mt) cox1 gene sequence of T.
To overcome the limitation of morphological taxonomy, molecular/DNA markers have been extensively used for species identification and differentiation of various nematodes. However, it may not always be possible to identify to the species level nematodes from different hosts and geographical locations based on these criteria. Usually, nematodes are identified based on morphological features, hosts, and geographical distributions. The species identification of parasites is of significance for studying epidemiology, systematics, diagnostics and population genetics of parasites. leonina can also infect humans, posing a potential public health problem. leonina parasitize in the small intestines of the definitive hosts and can cause serious disease in young animals. Although it has a diverse range of definitive hosts, to date, it has been the only species described in the genus Toxascaris. Toxascaris leonina (Nematoda: Ascarididae) is a common nematode of various animals, including dogs, cats, wolves, tigers, lions and foxes. Nematodes (roundworms) are common parasites which inhabit in the gastrointestinal tract of humans, and domestic and wild animals, and most of them can cause significant economic losses and public health problems. Our results have implications for further studies of the molecular epidemiology, systematics and population genetics of this nematode. leonina from canid and felid hosts represents a species complex.
Taken together, these mtDNA datasets indicate that T. leonina from canid and felid hosts into three distinct clades. Phylogenetic analysis showed the separation of T. leonina isolates ( n = 23) from different hosts revealed substantial nucleotide differences (10.6%). Moreover, comparison of mt cox1 sequences among T. leonina from the cheetah and the dog was 5.0–9.7% at the nucleotide level and 1.0–7.2% at the amino acid level. For the 12 protein-coding genes, sequence difference between T. The overall nucleotide sequence (except for the non-coding region) identity was 92.8% between the two mt genomes of T. leonina from the cheetah is 14,685 bp in size, which is 375 bp longer than that from the dog, and it is 408 bp longer than that from the South China tiger. leonina from the cheetah and compared it with that of T. In this study, we characterised the entire mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of T. Toxascaris leonina is one of the most common intestinal parasites of canids and felids.
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